Work from home, wellness, and well-being: The effects on the teachers’ individual work performance in the new normal

https://doi.org/10.58870/berj.v8i1.49

Authors

  • Jobe Viernes San Beda University
  • Michael Pasco San Beda University

Keywords:

work from home, wellness, well-being, teacher’s performance, new normal

Abstract

The new normal brings changes and difficulties similar to teachers that affect their work from home and office routines, wellness, well-being, and productivity. We aim to determine the effects of work from home (WFH), wellness, and state of well-being of the teaching personnel on their individual work performance. We conducted an explanatory sequential mixed methods and the partial least squares- structural equations modeling to determine the relationship between the constructs of this research on 52 selected teachers at San Beda University, Manila, Philippines. We confirmed that wellness is more of the physical and mental dimensions of teachers’ well-being. The overall state of wellness of the respondents is at moderate to high level. Wellness does not directly improve individual work performance (pls path coef.=.122, t=.866, p=.193), but it positively affects the state of well-being (pls path coef.=.515, t=5.741, p=.000). Well-being, with the mental and social domains, improves individual work performance (pls path coef.=.286, t=1.954, p=.025). Acceptance of work from home also improves individual work performance (pls path coef.=.273, t=1.976, p=.024). The teachers measured wellness with the realization of thriving with own job, colleagues, and managers. The teachers have better wellness with the feeling of being meaningful, committed, compensated by the university, and appreciated by others. The expansion of the sample size, cases and settings are future research opportunities to create a model. We encourage future researchers to investigate the mediation

References

Acton, R. & Glasgow, P. (2015). Teacher Wellbeing in neoliberal contexts: A review of the literature. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 40(8), 99-114. http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2015v40n8.6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2015v40n8.6

Alqarni, N. A. (2021). Well-being and the perception of stress among EFL university teachers in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Language and Education, 7(3), 8-22. https://doi.org/10.17323/jle.2021.11494 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17323/jle.2021.11494

Androshchuk, I., Balakhtar, V., Balakhtar, K. & Oleshko, P. (2020). Creativity as a factor in the psychological well-being of teachers of higher educational institutions. The New Educational Review, 192-202. https://doi: 10.15804/tner.2020.60.2.15 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15804/tner.20.60.2.15

Arruda, W. (2020). Ways COVID-19 will change the workplace forever. Working from home effectiveness during Covid-19: Evidence from university staff in Indonesia. Asia Pacific Management Review, 27 (1), 50-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2021.05.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2021.05.002

Asi, Y.M. & Williams, C. (2018). The role of digital health in making progress toward Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 in conflict-affected populations. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 114, 114-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2017.11.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2017.11.003

Bartkowiak, G., Krugiełka, A., Dama, S., Kostrzewa-Demczuk, P. & Gaweł-Luty, E. (2022) Academic Teachers about Their Productivity and a Sense of Well-Being in the Current COVID-19 Epidemic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19, 4970. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph19094970 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19094970

Bhatia, A. & Mohsin, F. (2020). Determinants of college teacher’s happiness: A comprehensive review. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(9), 9-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.09.02 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.09.02

Brasfield, M. W., Lancaster, C. & Xu, J. (2019). Wellness as a mitigating factor for teacher burnout. Journal of Education, 199 (3), 166-178. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022057419864525 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022057419864525

Creswell, J.W. (2013). Steps in conducting a scholarly mixed methods study. DBER Speaker Series, 48, 1-54. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/dberspeakers/48

Comighud, S.M.T. & Arevalo, M.J. (2021). Motivation in relation to teachers’ performance. UBT International Conference, 507. https://knowledgecenter.ubt-uni.net/conference/2021UBTIC/all-events/507

Dela Cruz, A.A. (2020). Direct and indirect factors affecting teachers’ burnout in the new normal. Recoletos Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 76-86. https://rmrj.usjr.edu.ph DOI: https://doi.org/10.32871/rmrj2008.02.06

Drasler, V., Bertoncelj, J., Korosec, M., Zontar, T.P., Ulrih, N.P. & Cigic, B. (2021). Difference in the Attitude of Students and Employees of the University of Ljubljana towards Work from Home and Online Education: Lessons from COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability, 13(5118), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13095118 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13095118

Duplon, N.D., Ventura, E. C. & Decena, V. D. (2022). Work environment, challenges and teaching performance of newly hired teachers in the new normal, Zambales, Philippines. EAS Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies, 4(4), 149-160. DOI: 10.36349/easjhcs.2022.v04i04.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36349/easjhcs.2022.v04i04.001

Fahmi, P., Sudjono, Parwoto, Supriyatno, Saluy, A.B., Safitri, E., Effiyaldi, Rivaldo, Y. & Endri, E. (2022). Work stress mediates motivation and discipline on teacher performance: Evidence work from home policy. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 12(3), 80-89. https://richtmann.org DOI: https://doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2022-0068

Fakis, A., Hilliam, R., Stonely, H. & Towned, M. (2014). Quantitative analysis of qualitative information from interviews: A systematic literature review. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 8(2), 139-161. DOI: 10.1177/1558689813495111 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689813495111

Fute, A., Oubibi, M., Sun, B., Zhou, Y. & Xiao, W. (2022). Work values predict job satisfaction among Chinese Teachers during COVID-19: The mediation role of work engagement. Sustainability 2022, 14, 1353. https://doi.org/10.3390/ su14031353 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031353

Fridlund, B. & Baigi, A. (2014) Developing and establishing the psychometric properties of an Ethos towards Wellness Questionnaire (EtWeQ). Open Journal of Nursing, 4(7): 538-547 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojn.2014.47057 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ojn.2014.47057

Geverola, I.J., Mutya, R.C., Bañados-Siason, L.M. & Bonotan, A. (2022). Challenges and struggles of public senior high school science teachers during the new normal. Journal of Research, Policy & Practice of Teachers and Teacher Education, 12(1), 49-68. https://doi.org/10.37134/jrpptte.vol12.1.4.2022

Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M. & Ringle, C.M. (2019). When to use and How to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2-24. DOI: 10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203

Herman, K.C., Sebastian, J., Reinke, W.M. & Huang, F.L. (2021). Individual and school predictors of teacher stress, coping, and wellness during the COVID-19 pandemic. School Psychology, 36(6), 483-493. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000456 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000456

Hwang, Y.-S., Barlett, B., Greben, M. & Hand, K. (2017). A systematic review of mindfulness interventions for in-service teachers: A tool to enhance teacher wellbeing and performance. Teaching and Teacher Education, 64(2017) 26-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.01.015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.01.015

Javorcíková, J., Vanderková, K., Ližbetinová, L., Lorincová, S. & Hitka, M. (2021) Teaching performance of Slovak Primary School Teachers: Top motivation factors. Educ. Sci. 2021, 11, 313. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci 11070313 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11070313

Koopmans, L., Bernaards, C. M., Hildebrandt, V.H., de Vet H.C.W. & van der Beek, A.J. (2014). Construct Validity of the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 56(3), 332-337. DOI: 10.1097/JOM. 0000000000000113 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000113

Kumar, S. P. (2022). Influence of University teachers’ job satisfaction on subjective well-being and job performance. Journal of Engineering Education Transformations, 35, 161-167. eISSN 2394-1707 DOI: https://doi.org/10.16920/jeet/2022/v35is1/22023

Liu, X., Jing, Y. & Sheng, Y. (2023). Work from home or oce during the COVID-19 pandemic: The different chain mediation models of perceived organizational support to the job performance. Frontiers in Public Health, 1-10. DOI 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1139013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1139013

Lucas-Mangas, S., Valdivieso-León, L., Espinoza-Díaz, I.M. & Tous-Pallarés, J. (2022). Emotional intelligence, psychological well-being and burnout of active and in-training teachers. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 3514. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph19063514 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063514

Mäkelä, T., Sikström, P., Jääskelä, P., Korkala, S., Kotkajuuri, J., Kaski, S. & Taalas, P. (2022). Factors constraining teachers’ wellbeing and agency in a Finnish University: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic. Educ. Sci. 2022, 12, 722. https://doi.org/10.3390/ educsci12100722 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12100722

Mäkiniemi, J.-P., Oksanen, A. & Mäkikangas A. (2021). Loneliness and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: The moderating roles of personal, social and organizational resources on perceived stress and exhaustion among Finnish university employees. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18, 7146. https:// doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137146 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137146

Ortillo, E. & Ancho, I. (2021). Design of teachers’ wellness program: The experience of Filipino school principals. Asian Journal of University Education, 17(3), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v17i3.14548. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v17i3.14548

Pérez-Ordás, R., Piñeiro-Cossio, J., Díaz-Chica, Ó. & Ayllón-Negrillo, E. (2022). Relevant variables in the stimulation of psychological well-being in Physical Education: A systematic review. Sustainability 2022, 14, 9231. https:// doi.org/10.3390/su14159231 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159231

Pham, L.T.T. & Phan, A.N.Q. (2021): “Let’s accept it”: Vietnamese university language teachers’ emotion in online synchronous teaching in response to COVID-19. Educational and Developmental Psychologist,1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/20590776.2021. 2000321 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/20590776.2021.2000321

Ringle, C.M., Wende, S., Becker, J.M. (2015). Smartpls3. Bonningstedt: SmartPLS. http://www.smartpls.com

Sabwami, K. M., Areba, G. N. & Abenga, N. (2020). Effect of principals’ practices of transformational leadership on management of school financial resources in public secondary schools of Trans-Nzoia County, Kenya. Journal of Research Innovation and Implications in Education, 4 (3), 101-112. http://www.jriiejournal.com

San Beda University (n.d.). San Beda University. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Beda _University

Subedi, D. (2016). Explanatory sequential mixed method design as the third research community of knowledge claim. American Journal of Educational Research, 4(7), 570-577. https:// doi:10.12691 /education-4-7-10

Supranowicz, P. & Paz, M. (2014). Holistic measurement of well-being: Psychometric properties of the physical, mental and social well-being scales (PMSW-21) for adults. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig, 65 (3), 251-258. https://RPZH_2014_vol_65_no_3_pages_251-258%20(2).pdf

Vansteenkiste, M., Simons, J., Lens, W., Sheldon, K.M. & Deci, E. L. (2004). Motivating learning, performance, and persistence: The synergistic effects of intrinsic goal contents and autonomy-supportive contexts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(2), 246–260. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.87.2.246 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.2.246

Viernes, J. & Pasco, M. (2022). Work from Home: The impacts on university employee’s well-being and individual work performance. Bedan Research Journal, 7(1), 63-88. https://doi.org/10.58870/berj.v7i1.33 DOI: https://doi.org/10.58870/berj.v7i1.33

Wang, M., Wang, M., Cui, Y. & Zhang, H. (2021). Art teachers’ attitudes toward online learning: an empirical study using self determination theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 2021. https://doi.og/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.627095 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.627095

Warren, M. A. & Bordoloi, S. D. (2020). When COVID-19 exacerbates inequities: The path forward for generating well-being. International Journal of Wellbeing, 10 (3), 1-6. https://doi:10.5502/ ijw.v10i3.1357 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v10i3.1357

Yin, H., Huang, S. & Wang, W. (2016). Well-being: The mediation of emotion regulation strategies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13, 907. https://doi:10.3390/ijerph13090907 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13090907

Zakaria, Z., Don, Y. & Yaakob, M.F.M. (2021). Teachers’ well-being from the social psychological perspective. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 10(2), 641-647. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1299271.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v10i2.21115

Zamora-Polo, F. & Sanchez-Martin, J. (2019). Teaching for a better world. Sustainability and Sustainable Development Goals in the construction of a change-maker university. Sustainability, 11(4224), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11154224 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11154224

Zee, M. & Koomen, H.M.Y. (2016). Teacher self-efficacy and its effects on classroom processes, student academic adjustment, and teacher well-being: A synthesis of 40 years of research. Review of Educational Research, 86(4), 1-35. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654315626801 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654315626801

Zhang, Y.Z., Yee, L.Q., Ruslan, M.K., Ibrahim, M.N., Kelun, J.N. & Jun, Y.J. (2020). Telecommute acceptance and work performance: A multiple regression analysis. International Journal of Innovation and Business Strategy (IJIBS), 14(2), 44-55. https://www.ijibs.utm.my

Published

04/30/2023

How to Cite

Viernes, J., & Pasco, M. (2023). Work from home, wellness, and well-being: The effects on the teachers’ individual work performance in the new normal. Bedan Research Journal, 8(1), 110–137. https://doi.org/10.58870/berj.v8i1.49

Issue

Section

Articles

cITATION